📌 Topics to Cover Today:
- British Land Revenue Systems (Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari)
- Commercialization of Agriculture and its impact
- Deindustrialization & Drain of Wealth Theory
- Impact of British Economic Policies on Indian Society
- Rise of Modern Industries in India
🔍 Detailed Explanation of Key Topics
1️⃣ British Land Revenue Systems :
🔹 Permanent Settlement (1793)
- Introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal and Bihar.
- Zamindars (landlords) became owners of the land, collecting revenue from peasants.
- Revenue was fixed permanently, benefiting the British but burdening peasants.
🔹 Ryotwari System (Madras & Bombay Presidencies)
- Introduced by Thomas Munro in South India.
- Direct settlement between the British government and the peasants (ryots).
- Revenue was revised periodically, leading to heavy tax burdens.
🔹 Mahalwari System (North India, Punjab, UP, MP)
- Introduced by Holt Mackenzie.
- Village headmen (mahals) were responsible for collecting revenue.
- Taxes were revised periodically, increasing financial strain on peasants.
✅ Impact of Land Revenue Systems:
- Peasants suffered due to high taxes, debts, and loss of land.
- This led to widespread poverty, migration, and agrarian revolts.
For detailed notes: Click here
2️⃣ Commercialization of Agriculture
- Farmers were forced to grow cash crops like Indigo, Cotton, and Jute instead of food crops.
- This led to food scarcity, famines, and rural indebtedness.
- Indigo Revolt (1859-60) was a direct result of this exploitation.
✅ Impact:
- Indian agriculture became dependent on British needs.
- Peasants were trapped in debt cycles due to exploitative moneylenders.
For detailed notes: Click here
3️⃣ Deindustrialization & Drain of Wealth Theory
- India was a global leader in textiles, handicrafts, and steel before British rule.
- British policies destroyed local industries through high taxes and cheap British imports.
- Dadabhai Naoroji’s Drain of Wealth Theory:
- India’s wealth was transferred to Britain through taxes, profits, and salaries of British officials.
- Example: India paid for the British army, railways, and administration.
✅ Impact:
- Decline of Indian artisans and loss of livelihoods.
- Dependency on British goods created a colonial economic system.
FOR DETAILED NOTES: Click here
4️⃣ Impact of British Economic Policies on Indian Society
- Poverty & Famines: Farmers could not afford food due to taxation and commercialization.
- Rise of New Middle Class: Educated Indians started demanding reforms.
- Growth of Nationalist Movements: Economic exploitation became a major issue in the freedom struggle.
For detailed notes: Click here
5️⃣ Rise of Modern Industries in India
- Tata Iron & Steel Company (1907) – First major Indian industry.
- Bombay, Calcutta, Madras emerged as industrial hubs.
- Rise of Indian capitalists like GD Birla, Jamsetji Tata who later supported the freedom movement.
✅ Impact:
- Laid the foundation for modern Indian industries post-independence.
For detailed notes: Click here
📚 Recommended Study Resources
- 🔹 NCERT Class 12 History – Chapter: “Colonialism and the Countryside”
- 🔹 Bipan Chandra’s “India’s Struggle for Independence” – Chapter on Economic Policies
- 🔹 MCQs on British Economic Policies & Their Impact on India with Key: Click here
🔗 Online Resources:
📌 NCERT History PDF (Old & New)
📌 Modern History by Vision IAS
📌 Daily Task Checklist:
✅ Read NCERT + Standard Books.
✅ Revise & make short notes on economic policies.
✅ Solve 50 MCQs from previous UPSC Prelims papers.
✅ Watch one relevant YouTube video for a deeper understanding.
📌 Backlog Recovery Plan
🔸 If you missed any previous topics (Day 1-8):
- Dedicate 30 minutes extra daily to catch up.
- Focus on revising notes & solving MCQs from missed topics.
- Prioritize important subjects like Polity & Geography before moving ahead.
🌟 Words of Motivation: Keep Going!
“Success in UPSC is not about studying harder; it’s about studying smarter!” 🚀
You have already completed 9 days of disciplined preparation, which itself is a big achievement. There will be struggles, doubts, and moments of exhaustion, but remember why you started this journey. 🌿
💡 “Every small step you take today brings you closer to your goal.”
💡 “The only way to fail is to stop trying.”
So, keep pushing forward! Trust the process, believe in yourself, and know that you are on the right path to success. 💪🔥
Here is our learning kit:
Youtube Playlist: 2025 UPSC PRELIMS | 100 DAY PLAN | @bncacademy: Click Here
To get access to free notes, current affairs, MCQs, etc., join our dedicated WhatsApp group: CLICK HERE
⛔ Disclaimer ⛔
This 100-day UPSC Prelims Preparation Plan is a structured guideline designed to help aspirants streamline their studies effectively. However, UPSC preparation is highly dynamic, and the depth of understanding required may vary based on individual strengths, weaknesses, and prior knowledge.
1️⃣ This plan does not guarantee success—your results depend on consistent effort, revision, and test practice.
2️⃣ The suggested sources are recommendations; aspirants should cross-check their relevance and supplement with additional materials if needed.
3️⃣ Current affairs, answer writing, and mock tests are crucial components—ensure regular practice alongside this schedule.
4️⃣ Flexibility is key! Adapt the plan according to your learning pace, job schedule, and retention capacity.
🔹 Final Note: Success in UPSC demands discipline, patience, and a positive mindset. Stick to the strategy, revise consistently, and trust the process! 🚀
Keep up the great work! 🚀📖
📍 Tomorrow’s Topic: British Administration & Civil Services under Colonial Rule – Stay ready! 🚀